According to the archologists, the new stone age culture, which is represented by the thick rope pottery, has been existed in Penghu five thousand years ago. This proves that ancestors were living in this area at least five thousand years ago.

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In Taiwan general history by Lian-Ya-Tang, it was written that: 'Penghu was inhabited as early as the period between Chin and Han dynasty, or between the period when Chu dynasty destroyed Yue dynasty, and the people of Yue had moved to the Fukien area, or floating on the sea, or moved to Penghu.

At the Song dynasty, the name Penghu has been officially written in the history books and in records. In history book, the real record of people living in Penghu has started since the Nan-Song dynasty in 1225. in the book "records of all luxuriants" by the member of the royal clan Zhao-Ru-Gua, it was specifically pointed out that "with spring and sea, the island is called Penghu, and is belonged to the county called Jin-Jiang".